Colorado State History | Treaties, Sand Creek, and the Struggle for Homelands RT Script and Mini Readers | Grades 3-5

Teach treaties, Sand Creek, and Native homeland change through documentary student-led inquiry rather than reenactment. Students build separate Cheyenne/Arapaho and Ute timelines so distinct histories, treaties, the Sand Creek Massacre, removal, reserved rights, and sovereign Nations remain clear.

Students use maps, treaty evidence, investigation findings, and rights records to study how U.S. expansion changed Native access to land and resources. Sensitive events remain evidence-based and age-appropriate without asking children to perform trauma.

Part 7 of the 10-script Colorado State History bundle. Get the complete Colorado State History Mini Unit Bundle here.

View the Full 10-Script Colorado Bundle

Classroom Use

Every assessment option is designed to be answerable from the Reader’s Theater Script, the Original Mini Reader, or the Accessible Mini Reader. Teachers can place students in different reading paths while keeping the class on the same essential Colorado history, vocabulary, questions, challenge questions, and quiz.

Standards Alignment

Colorado Academic Standards: SS.4.1.1: Analyze primary and secondary sources from multiple points of view to develop an understanding of the history of Colorado.; SS.4.1.2: Describe the historical eras, individuals, groups, ideas, and themes in Colorado history and their relationship to key events in the United States within the same historical period.; SS.4.2.1: Use geographic tools to research and answer questions about Colorado geography.

CCSS literacy note: The final Teacher Guide does not list a separate CCSS code set. The lesson does include content-area reading, vocabulary, oral reading/discussion, evidence use, and written-response tasks that teachers may connect to local literacy standards.

Perfect For

• Cheyenne and Arapaho treaty history
• Sand Creek Massacre
• Ute treaty and land history
• Brunot Agreement and reserved rights
• Sensitive documentary history without reenactment

Flexible Differentiation

• Use the Reader’s Theater script for whole-class participation, small-group performance, oral fluency, and discussion.
• Use the Original Mini Reader for independent Grade 4 reading, homework, literacy centers, or added detail.
• Use the Accessible Mini Reader for mixed reading levels, ELL support, intervention, struggling readers, or faster one-day use.
• Print selected pages or assign the included Google Classroom-ready files.
• Use the worksheet, challenge questions, print quiz, or self-grading Google Forms quiz for assessment and review.

Skills Addressed

• Documentary Evidence
• Chronology
• Perspective Comparison
• Treaty Analysis
• Sovereignty
• Cause and Effect
• Reading fluency and collaborative performance
• Evidence-based discussion and concise written response

What’s Included

Student Text Options

• Reader’s Theater Script (~2,600 words | 10 scenes | 12 speaking roles)
• Original Mini Reader (~2,100 words)
• Accessible Mini Reader (~1,600 words)

Assessment Materials

• 10 vocabulary terms in context
• 10 two-part comprehension questions
• 5 two-part challenge questions
• 20-question multiple-choice quiz
• Self-grading Google Forms quiz

Teacher Materials

• Teacher Guide with Colorado Academic Standards connections
• Answer keys and discussion prompts
• Colorado Regions and Landforms map
• Printable, editable, and Google Classroom-ready workflow support

Explore All 10 Colorado State History Scripts

This lesson is part of a connected ten-script sequence. Teach the complete set as a mini unit or choose individual topics to match your pacing guide.

1. 1. Rockies, Plains, Rivers, and Colorado Geography — Compare Colorado regions, rivers, routes, water systems, and community choices through a statewide map challenge.
2. 2. Ute, Cheyenne, Arapaho, and Native Homelands — Distinguish Ute, Cheyenne, and Arapaho histories while connecting homelands, sovereignty, and living Tribal governments.
3. 3. Mesa Verde and Ancestral Pueblo Communities — Use archaeology, geography, and chronology to study 700+ years of Ancestral Pueblo communities and continuity.
4. 4. Spanish and Mexican Colorado — Trace Spanish, Mexican, and Hispano Colorado through changing maps, trade routes, land grants, and acequia communities.
5. 5. Fur Traders and Mountain Men — Follow beaver pelts, bison robes, Bent's Old Fort, markets, routes, diplomacy, and changing border geography.
6. 6. Pikes Peak Gold Rush and Boomtown Colorado — Investigate gold-rush migration, Denver and Auraria, service work, speculation, Colorado Territory, and mining change.
7. 7. Treaties, Sand Creek, and the Struggle for Homelands — Build separate Cheyenne/Arapaho and Ute timelines through treaties, Sand Creek, land pressure, removal, and continuing rights.
8. 8. Railroads, Mining, Immigration, and Labor — Connect railroads, industrial mining, Pueblo, immigration, Chinese Coloradans, company towns, labor, and Ludlow.
9. 9. Centennial Statehood and Colorado Government — Assemble Colorado statehood, the Constitution, three branches, government relationships, and citizen participation.
10. 10. Water, Public Lands, Amache, and Modern Colorado — Compare water, public lands, Dearfield, Amache, civil rights, and modern civic change through an evidence lab.

Text Summary

Students build separate Cheyenne/Arapaho and Ute evidence timelines rather than collapsing Native history into one story. Treaties, the Sand Creek Massacre, investigations, reservation changes, the Brunot Agreement, forced removal, reserved rights, and present-day sovereign Nations are handled through documentary roles rather than trauma simulation.

Get the Complete Colorado State History Bundle